The editors of Asian Journal of Anesthesiology are pleased to publish articles online ahead of print. The articles appearing in " Online ahead of print" have been copyedited, proofread, typeset, and reviewed by the author(s) but have not appeared in an issue of the journal. Each article published online ahead of print is citable, with the official publication date being the date of the article’s first online posting. Anesthesiology articles are assigned Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs), providing a persistent, permanent way to identify articles published in the online environment.